Some Research Found That Multiple Markers are often more Effective in Detecting Certain Cancers : A Part from the Book Chapter : Estimation of Low Radiation Doses Effects by Using Tumor Markers

In addition, Carbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA125) is a TM for ovarian cancer and combining it with human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) can enhance the sensitivity and specificity of ovarian cancer diagnosis. However, several studies have found that multiple markers are more effective in detecting certain cancers.

Some research found that Multiple markers are often more effective in detecting certain cancers. For instance, combining CA 19-9, CEA, and other markers increases sensitivity and specificity in gastric cancer. Additionally, other studies found that combining them aids in the diagnosis and prediction of pancreatic cancer. Additionally, the combination of CA19-9 and CA125 has been demonstrated to improve sensitivity for pancreatic cancer.

Several studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of low radiation doses on TMs. According to a recent biomarkers study, interventional radiology workers had significantly higher serum levels of 8-OHdG, a biomarker of oxidative stress. Moreover, research conducted in Ramsar, Iran, revealed that long-term exposure to high background radiation significantly altered the levels of Cyfra21, CEA, and Tag72. Although research monitoring cytogenetics using the micronucleus assay among RWs found that chromosomal damage resulting in micronucleated lymphocytes is more common in exposed workers. The goal of radiation protection guidelines is to monitor and detect the effects of low doses of radiation. A reasonable process would be a laboratory test. These guidelines are based on suspected and observed stochastic effects of radiation.

Author(s) Details:

Areej Dahdol
Palestinian Ministry of Health, Salfit, Palestine and Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

Mohammad Hjouj
Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Professions, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.

Also See : STABLE and Inexpensive Field Kit : A Part from the Book Chapter : Homemade Molecular Devices, Detections and Methods

Recent Global Research Developments in Types of Tumor Markers

Mass Spectrometry-Based Targeted Proteomics of Clinical Cancer Biomarkers:

• Mass spectrometry (MS)-based targeted proteomics is a powerful technique for quantifying peptides and proteins in biological samples.
• It offers advantages over immunoassays, which are commonly used for tumor marker measurements.
• However, clinical implementation has been limited due to challenges in validating new biomarkers and the complex nature of MS workflows [1].
• Despite this, targeted MS-based proteomic assays have contributed to better clinical outcomes for cancer patients.

Current Research Status of Tumor Cell Biomarker Detection:

• Researchers are exploring electrochemical and fluorescence biosensors for detecting tumor cell biomarkers in body fluids.
• In situ fluorescence monitoring and analysis of tumor markers in living cells are also areas of interest.
• Practical clinical application remains a challenge but is essential for improving cancer diagnosis and treatment [2].

Global Research Trends in Tumor Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes:

• Exosomes play a role in cancer progression and communication between cells.
• Recent research focuses on understanding tumor microenvironments and exosome-related mechanisms.
• Stay tuned for further developments in this exciting field [3].

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Molecular Tumor Markers:

• The landscape of cancer treatment is shifting towards companion markers for molecular-targeted therapies.
• These markers specifically target cancer cells, enhancing personalized treatment approaches [4].

References

1. Wenk, D., Zuo, C., Kislinger, T. et al. Recent developments in mass-spectrometry-based targeted proteomics of clinical cancer biomarkers. Clin Proteom 21, 6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-024-09452-1
2. Jiang, L., Lin, X., Chen, F., Qin, X., Yan, Y., Ren, L., … & Wang, Y. (2023). Current research status of tumor cell biomarker detection. Microsystems & Nanoengineering, 9(1), 123.
3. Guo, Z., Wang, G., Yun, Z. et al. Global research trends in tumor stem cell-derived exosomes and tumor microenvironment: visualization biology analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 149, 17581–17595 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05450-2
4. Kikuchi, Y., Shimada, H., Hatanaka, Y. et al. Clinical practice guidelines for molecular tumor markers, 2nd edition review part 1. Int J Clin Oncol 29, 1–19 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-023-02430-x

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