This paper examines the temporal variation of ETo over the 10 main subdistricts of the North Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India, during the period 1982-2022 using non-parametric statistical analysis. The findings show that ETo variability also exhibits diverse spatial and temporal characteristics in the study area. February month shows the highest decrease in the values (ZMK -2.33 to -1.72, p<0.05). Winter and summer shows highly significant decreasing trends, Manvi showing the maximum decreasing trend in winter (ZMK = -2.57, p < 0.01) and Raichur in summer (ZMK = -2.89, p < 0.01). Sen’s slope estimates show average decrease of -0.18 to -0.15 mm/month in winter and an average value of -0.246 mm/month in summer. For monsoon and post monsoon, the trends are weaker and not significant ranging from -0.05 to 0.03 mm/month. Yearly changes reveal slightly negative values (-0.12 to -0.04 mm/month). Spatial interpolation of the ETo changes is done using ArcGIS’s inverse distance weighting (IDW) method to show the regional differences. An increase in air temperature results in the rise in the trends in some months while, a decline in wind speed may be reason in other region. These findings are useful in understanding the ETo dynamics in the region and its relation to water and agriculture. More studies are required to understand why there was a reduction in wind speed as well as to develop individual water management strategies that will adapt to these changes.
Author(s) Details:
Adarsha
Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, CAE, UAS Raichur, Karnataka, India.
Manoj Kumar G
Department of Agricultural Economics, CoA, UAS Raichur, Karnataka, India.
Gowtham
Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, CAE, UAS Raichur, Karnataka, India.
Sagara R
Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, CAE, UAS Raichur, Karnataka, India.
Devappa
Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, AEC&RI, TNAU Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Recent Global Research Developments in Groundwater Management in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas
Comprehensive Studies: A recent book titled “Groundwater in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas: Monitoring, Assessment, Modelling, and Management” provides insights from Middle East, African countries, and Asia [1] . It covers techniques like modelling, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and statistical models for sustainable groundwater development.
Regional Perspectives: The book includes studies from countries such as Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, India, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan, Tunisia, and Turkey. Researchers explore groundwater quality, management, and challenges specific to these regions.
Monitoring and Assessment: Researchers have focused on vulnerability to pollution in karstic aquifers, urbanization impacts on water resources, and sustainable groundwater usage in Türkiye [1] .
Groundwater Modelling: The book delves into groundwater modelling techniques, which play a crucial role in understanding aquifer behavior and optimizing resource utilization [1] . These models aid decision-making and sustainable management.
Emerging Techniques: Geospatial multicriteria decision analysis has been applied to evaluate groundwater quality for irrigation in Tunisia1. This innovative approach combines spatial data and criteria to inform decision-makers.
References
- Groundwater in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-43348-1
