This article describes a study that estimates and compares blood glucose and fluoride levels within study groups and correlates serum renal parameters with fluoride among study subjects. The study was conducted at Sri R.L. Jalappa Hospital attached to Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Constituent of Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Karnataka, India. The study included a total of 90 subjects with the age group 45-75 years of either gender.
The study found that Fasting, postprandial blood glucose values, and serum Fluoride were significantly higher in T2DM without CKD group as compared to the controls and T2DM with CKD. Renal profile, when compared between three groups of Urea, Creatinine, and Potassium, were significantly higher in T2DM with CKD than controls and T2DM without CKD. The study concludes that increased serum fluoride increases DM and DN, which is evident from the results as we observed a significant increase of serum fluoride in T2DM and DN subjects compared to controls.
The kidneys are the primary route of excretion of fluoride and are thus the primary organ affected. Fluoride in minor quantities may also be excreted through sweat, saliva, and feces. Fluoride in little quantities (<1.5 ppm) is considered to be essential for dental and bone enamel mineralization, which forms fluroapetite. Chronic exposure (> 2ppm) of fluoride is considered toxic, leading to fluorosis.
The study recommends that analysis of serum/ urine fluoride can be preferred for the subjects attending medicine OPD who are at risk. Installing water defluorination plants at every village can help decrease the effect of fluoride. Creating awareness among residents by conducting regular camps and routine medical checkups and estimating fluoride levels of potable water at regular intervals would also help decrease its effect among the living system.
Overall, the study highlights the potential risks associated with increased fluoride exposure and the importance of monitoring fluoride levels to ensure early diagnosis and better management of associated health complications.
Author(s) Details:
Mohan Krishna,
Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, Karnataka, India.
Munilakshmi U.,
Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, Karnataka, India.
Saideepika R.,
Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, Karnataka, India.
Shashidhar K. N.,
Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, Karnataka, India.
Bhuneswar Yadav,
Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, Karnataka, India.
Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V4/article/view/12927
Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, fluorosis
